Diversity and Globalization Essay

Women in motion: globalization, state policies and labor migration in Asia is one of the major works by Nana Oishi. As a writer, Nana provides an analysis about labor migration in Asia with a close look at the patterns of female migration from various countries. Certain provisions are made that governs both receiving and sending countries in matters of female migration. Nana is critical in various theories that are conventional in economic theories of migration. A major area she is interested in is the driving factors reflecting in the source country. She is also very much concerned with structuralist theories relating to patterns of labor migration. Nana criticizes household strategies adopted by international migration as it has failed to consider household members as reliable individuals in a position to make independent decisions. The number of female immigrants has increased in the past owing to factors such as poverty, looking for good jobs, globalization effect and family problems (Oishi, 28). Female migration has a number of negative effects which include increased levels of sexual abuse, dislocation in family ties which has a social implication and increased vulnerabilities as a result of low incomes of the unskilled. The receiving country has the right to protect individual’s rights of female migration to avoid violation of human fundamental rights. A number of policies need to be considered but two major outstanding policies are enforcement of dual citizenship laws and dissemination of information with a view of incorporating female migrants in programs and institutional structures. Leaders in the receiving country should establish laws that protect the rights of non-citizens such as female migrants. The existence of such migrants perhaps is an aspect of blessing to the receiving country through various developments. Existence of dual-citizenship laws protects such individuals from discrimination, violence and other forms of human abuse. Once a female migrates to another country, she should acquire citizenship rights of that particular country. The migrant acquires equal rights like any other citizen and thus she is protected from vices such as slavery, sexual abuse or forced labor (Oishi, 60). The receiving countries are supposed to observe friendly legal systems that promote female migrants dignity. Another major consideration as a protective policy that should be adopted by the receiving country is provision of programs that absorbs female migrants in institutional structures. The reasons that results to female migration such as academic advancement, seeking for good jobs and poverty can be resolved through such programs. It is important for the receiving country to clearly understand such reasons for purpose of protecting their dignity. Considering the humanitarian aspect of life, leaders in receiving countries should incorporate female migrants in programs that promote their rights. Enrolling female migrants into institutions allows them to acquire skills and hence be in a position to seek employment. With skills the female migrants can support their own needs without bothering other individuals which is a reason for discrimination. The educational programs also help female migrants to know their rights and feel protected. The McDonaldization of sushi The eating patterns of individuals in the entire world have changed and this is attributed to globalization in the aspect of culture. Food culture is one of the major debates in developed and developing nations which have significance influence on globalization. This is clearly reflected in the argument by Sasha Isenberg in â€Å"The Sushi Economy†. It is an article that clearly reflects on globalized food culture and commerce. In many parts of the world, Macdonald foods have dominated the food sector. MacDonaldization which is a term derived from MacDonald’s has influenced the eating habits of many individuals (Issenberg, 17). This thus is a clear reflection about the influence of globalization in various economic sectors. The spread of various MacDonald fast food restaurants in the world has an impact in the way the global economy is being implemented. The global economy in this aspect relates to diversification of certain aspects of economic fields which promotes establishment of common way of life. In Japan, there are many fast foods stop over that provides both civilians and visitors the capacity to taste their food culture. Development in various economic sectors and establishment of similar practices in the entire economy results to a common way of people’s life. Food culture is one of the most recognized impacts of globalization which is promoted by modernization. The global economy which is influenced by interaction of people from various regions of the world is highly reflected in food culture. MacDonaldization by Sushi thus talks more about global economy which has an impact in many lives of individuals. One major impact of global economy is influence on individual’s life which changes the eating habits. In this aspect, McDonaldization of Sushi reflects clearly on the impact of global economy in eating habits of people. Any person from developed countries traveling in developing nations is in a position to receive equivalent services in the scope of fast foods. This is seen as a major achievement for both state and promotes the growth of global economy. The growth of economy as a result of globalization and food culture has seen various developments in other food items. A more corresponding aspect is in fish as a food stuff which is reaching the same status as MacDonald. Fish as a food stuff is high recognized by nutritionists as a source of proteins that is essential for body building. Another common aspect of fish is its easiness to prepare and serve to customers (Issenberg, 25). In both developed and developing states, the availability of fish makes it to dominate the global markets. Considering these provisions, it becomes very easy for fish to resemble Sushi success. Developing states are seen as the cheap source of quality fish such as Africa and as an influence of globalization in the aspect of transportation it becomes easy to supply the commodity in global markets. The global economy is promoted through consideration of such policies making it easy for economy to grow fast. Diversification of food culture and change in lifestyle resulting from economic development makes individuals to change their eating habits. This promotes a common practice by investors in the hospitality sector. Sushi success as well as establishment of fish as a common food stuff promotes global economy. Globalization and flow of information from different perspectives makes it possible to trade fast foods such as fish through the supermarkets and other retail outlets. Since it is served as take away, travelers and children usually enjoy the food stuffs. Globalization in this aspect has led to establishment of certain policies necessary to transform global economy from one state to another. Works Cited Issenberg, Sasha, The Sushi Economy: Globalization and the Making of a Modern Delicacy, Gotham, 2007 Oishi, Nana, Women in Motion: Globalization, State Policies, and Labor Migration in Asia, Stanford University Press, 2005

A Separate Peace-John Knowles Essay

The novel A Separate Peace is a story about two best friends, Gene and Phineas (Finny), who both attend the Devon school in New Hampshire in 1942. Gene Forrester is an intellectual, confined, straight-laced seventeen year old, while Finny is an athletic free-spirit who isn’t afraid to say what he thinks and is admired by everyone. The story is a flashback in which Gene recalls his fears and insecurities during the midst of the Second World War at the Devon school. Out of jealousy and the fear that Finny is trying to sabotage his studies, Gene shakes a tree branch that they were both standing on, and Finny falls out of the tree and shatters his leg. It is at that point where their relationship changes into more of a codependency which leads to them developing their own individual identities by living within their own illusion that World War II is a mere conspiracy. Finny dies suddenly during the operation on his broken leg , but Gene doesn’t cry. He deals with the tragic news with a sort of tranquility because he believes that he is a part of Finny. Gene reflects on the constant enmity which takes over the present youth, and he believes only Finny was immune to this plague. A Separate Peace is a novel that criticizes society, based on a romantic point of view of human nature. Firstly, Gene’s aggressive nature is being nurtured by societies preoccupation with competition, inner-enemies, and power. Contrasting to Gene, Finny has a natural goodness about him that has not been corrupted by society. Lastly, the Devon school is a symbol of rivalry and competitiveness of the world, which has produced a devastating war on a much larger scale. Gene Forrester is the narrator of the novel, telling the story as a flashback on his youthful days at Devon. He is the source of all the reader’s information, but is somewhat an unreliable source, regarding his insights into his actions and motivations. We see that he has an aggressive nature about him which has been nurtured by societies preoccupation with competition, inner-enemies, and power. We first meet him as an adult, therefore we immediately assume a sort of maturity and wisdom about him and his memories at Devon. The adult Gene is, in reality, still the same as the adolescent Gene in terms of fears and security. He sees the Devon buildings as â€Å"defensive† then â€Å"exhausted†(3) which is a representation of himself as an adult. We see that nothing has changed over the years, not the school, and most importantly, not himself. After the accident, him and Finny lived in codependency. Finny lived through Gene. As the reader, we see that by Gene’s actions by equalizing them and becoming at the same level may have been deliberate, even though it seemed like an accident to everyone else. The fact that Gene shook the tree had stemmed from a deep personal desire to lose his identity, and himself in another. This is represented when he puts on Finny’s clothes and sees that he looks just like him. He feels strangely peaceful. This symbolizes Gene’s own desire to leave himself and become Finny, for he is his own â€Å"war† yet also his love. The accident causes his feeling of resentment and fear to be overcome by devotion to Finny. We see this inner-war develop as he continuously tries to make peace and apologize to Finny, an only then can he forgive himself. The shaking of the tree stirred up an unconscious impulse that sets the chain of events leading to Finny’s death, making Gene the killer and destroyer of the one thing he loved. He is his own enemy, and the destroyer of himself, because he felt that he and Finny were the same person. That is why he didn’t cry at the funeral, because â€Å"[he] could not escape a feeling that it was [his] own funeral, and you do not cry in that case†(186). We see here that he has a tendency to mix love and hate, which is practiced as a habit by society. His action in the tree is also an instinct, which is based on a primitive aggression, defensiveness and rivalry which is the side of human nature that is being nurtured by society. Gene symbolizes the narrow, confined, sort of paranoid world that surrounds humanity. He always leans towards the rules that are set. When Finny wants to go to the beach, Gene creates a scenario in his head that Finny is trying to sabotage his studies, and from there, descends into darkness. This fear of his is, in actuality, a defensive anxiety which finds a potential threat in everyone. This is shown when he says â€Å"I was used to finding something deadly in things†¦ and if it wasn’t there then I put it there myself. â€Å"(92) He us unable to let up his defenses because he sees the enemy everywhere, but the enemy is himself. Society teaches the boys to develop a particular frame of mind that creates an enemy wherever they see a potential threat. This defense mechanism only creates inner-enemies, and it is what corrupts the youth. On the opposite end of the spectrum, Finny has a natural goodness about him that has not been corrupted by society. Finny’s character is seen through the eyes of Gene, therefore his perception of Finny is significant. He is able to talk his way out of any situation which, according to Gene, is rare among humans. He has a â€Å"calm ignorance of the rules with a winning urge to be good†(16). His hypnotic charisma shows just how different he is from the other characters by his element of goodness and innocence. He is so different because he operates outside the world of rules and authority, which he considers to be â€Å"a necessary evil†(11), which in terms means that the rules are made to be broken. He is the essence of careless peace in humanity which is so rare. Yet, while he constantly tests the limits of authority, he neither seeks to be victorious, nor be defeated. This is represented in the game of Blitzball, where everyone furiously competes but no one wins, and this perfectly demonstrates Finny’s attitude towards life. Another example of this is when he broke the swimming record. He simply wanted to â€Å"see if [he] could do it†(35), and Gene calls him â€Å"too good to be true†(36), which shows how Gene and the other boys may view innocence and freedom. They are uncomfortable with people showing sincere emotions(40), and they see the enemy everywhere. Finny has â€Å"a simple unregulated friendliness†(15) which has to do with a more profound wisdom and goodness regarding other human beings. Just like he doesn’t see life as winners and losers, he also thinks the best of people, and no one is an enemy in his eyes. His assumptions that the world is friendly make him unique. For example, Gene believes that society creates enemies where they do not exist, but Finny’s inability to see others as evil or hostile is his strength and weakness. His blindness of Gene’s dark motives create dangerous situations in their codependent relationship, and he never imagines that Gene’s feelings for him are not as true as his feelings for Gene. He inspires Gene in loyalty but also jealousy by his charismatic personality. He assumes that everyone thinks like he does, therefore he acts with himself and Gene in mind, doing whatever he pleases. His care-free attitude is what triggers Gene’s resentment and Finny, aware of only himself, never picks up on Gene’s darkness. He â€Å"was the essence of this careless peace†(16), being the one who facilitates most of the boy’s fun throughout the school year. While they are all caught up with the war and striving for themselves to one-up each other, Finny creates a protective bubble around them to shield them from growing up. His tendency to have fun and be care-free is an indication that there is a streak of decency in human nature, but this basic innocence also makes him vulnerable to those unlike himself. The Devon school is a symbol of rivalry and competitiveness of the real world, which has produced a devastating war. In the beginning of the novel when Gene is an adult, he revisits the school. He sees the â€Å"contentious harmony†(4) of the buildings, which is an oxymoron because it reflects the idea of rivalry. It tells us that the school buildings are â€Å"perpendicular† and â€Å"straight-laced†, and represent the world of order and rules. This harmony of the buildings is a trick of architecture. In reality, Devon represents a world of rivalry, competition and one-upmanship practiced by the students as a habit. The school is simply a symbol of the world on a much larger scale, where competition has produced a war. Seeing others as enemies is common in both the school and society. Everyone but Finny is â€Å"pitted violently against something in the world around them†(196). This something around them is Devon, being their main influence to see everyone as a potential threat. The Devon school is a â€Å"jungle† of a boys’ school(45), where hostility and aggression on a smaller scale lead to war on a much larger scale. Their practiced rivalry is mentioned when Gene states that â€Å"there were few relationships among [them] at Devon not based on rivalry†(37). The seasons at the school also represent a change and transformation in the boys. The summer session at Devon is a time of freedom, where the teachers allow Finny’s hypnotic personality to get away with whatever he pleases. The session symbolizes youth and innocence, which in turn comes to an end when Finny falls from the tree. This event marks the beginning of the winter session, where the atmosphere is sombre and dark, filled with discipline and work. It represents adulthood and war approaching them, and becomes a more predominant feature throughout the course of the novel. The transition from the summer to the winter session embodies societies shift from a care-free nature, to a darker, more mature one. We don’t see Finny transition because he is unable to face adulthood and dies, thus never entering into the school’s new mode of existence. As he reflects on his time at Devon, Gene explains that he â€Å"was on active duty all [the] time at school; [he] killed [his] enemy there†(196). This suggests that everyone is battling an ongoing war with themselves, seeking an enemy fight. The school is merely a battleground on a smaller scale, but still has the same effect. Finny’s innocence caused him to oversee these notions of war and enmity, which lead to his death. In the other case, Gene had an ongoing war with himself, and/or Finny. In either case, it demonstrates Finny’s inability to cope with betrayal. He is the lone character in the novel that doesn’t undergo the school’s strong influence on the boys, that prepare them for the war they have to fight after graduation. The role society plays on the school and the boys is their main influence for their actions. The novel criticizes society based on a romantic view of human nature, and this nature has been explored in many ways. Gene’s inner savage and aggressiveness had been nurtured by societies preoccupation with competition, territory and power. Finny’s natural goodness has not been corrupted by society, but his innocence caused him to blur admiration with jealousy lead to his death. Finally, the Devon school is the main symbol or rivalry in the novel, which represents the war on a much smaller scale than the war in reality. The natural paranoia of the human race leads one to seek an enemy wherever they may see a potential threat, and this leads to destruction and inner-enemies in the end.

Overall Effects of Vietnam War

The overall effects of the Vietnam War The Vietnam War was a military conflict in which communist forces of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam fought with the indigenous National Front for the Liberation of South Vietnam along with their allies, mostly the United States of America over a unification of two states to be bonded by one communistic government. The Vietnam war lasted 209384903 years and the United States was involved for 20394032 years. The issue at hand was the possible expansion of communism in Asia.From our democratic viewpoint, and being ethnocentric, the United States felt involvement was necessary and it would benefit not only us, but the world. The war had a huge effect on literally everything that was involved; from the soldiers, the societies, the land, the governments. Almost everyone in the word today can altogether agree that our involvement in the war was a poor decision made by our ethnocentric government. Our government tried to spread democracy by getting involved with a civil issue, as they still do today.One would think that our predestined failure in the past would obviously come to mine once again when a similar situation occurs; such as Iraq or future events. The United States of America was founded on the belief of freedom; our establishment was completely against the English policy and caused wars. We very often engage in hypocritical actions where we try to restrict the type of government and types of policies created around the world even though we feel that we are spreading the correct way. The bad effects of the Vietnam war significantly over shadowed any benefit that the United States thought at the time would come.Our involvement was irresponsible and caused horrific damage to the United States society. The returning troops were battered and abused by citizens as if they had not unwillingly experienced enough over in Vietnam; their events would live on with them until they die. The United State’s involvement in th e Vietnam war conflict was a terrible mistake that caused tragic effects that would live on for decades. The Vietnam war mostly forever affected the lives on the United States soldiers that went into battle in Vietnam. From the horrific sights witnessed over in Vietnam, to the unjustified treatment upon return, the oldiers unarguably suffered the most. Roughly 58,226 U. S. soldiers died for a unsuccessful cause. The draft was instituted in 1969 where thousands of soldiers were unwillingly deployed to fight a losing battle. Nobody wanted to endure the effects of the war personally, and as a result thousands of men fled from the draft. Returning vets were unjustly treated for their service to their country, as if it was their decision to become involved in the Vietnam conflict. The average veteran witnessed friendly casualties on a daily basis, and the death of enemies that was orchestrated by the United States government.During the Vietnam war, the government deployed chemical substa nces, mostly agent orange, who’s purpose was to kill the foliage along the war path. The government, inadvertently poisoned thousands of troops that were exposed to this agent. Upon return, post-traumatic stress disorder started to effect soldiers. PTSD is defined as â€Å"A psychological disorder affecting individuals who have experienced or witnessed profoundly traumatic events, such as torture, murder, rape, or wartime combat, characterized by recurrent flashbacks of the traumatic event, nightmares, irritability, anxiety, fatigue, forgetfulness, and social withdrawal. By definition, a soldier that was sent off to Vietnam suffered from all these experiences. Today, 161,000 soldiers are continuing to receive compensation for their post traumatic stress syndromes. Roughly 37 percent of soldiers from Vietnam are estimated to be suffering from ptsd. An astounding amount of suffrage is being pushed on to the soldiers when it was not even their battle in the beginning.

Fashion Design Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Fashion Design - Term Paper Example Fashion designers have various responsibilities in their daily operations. First, they ought to be apt of innovating and producing concepts that are appealing and prospective. Additionally, they should have either the ability to construct sketches by hand or the ability to use a computer. They also should be apt of developing various appealing patterns, which they translate to their pieces. Moreover, they should be keen in overseeing and monitoring production of their aesthetic pieces. They ought to be in a position to analyze trends on fabric, shapes and colours. Fashion designers operate at any time, and may end up working for long hours. They usually participate in fashion shows, compile collections and derive samples for prospective buyers. They may as well attend the shows as auditors; involve themselves in prediction fairs among other activities such as visiting of prospective clientele and exhibitions. Travel is apparently mandatory and overtly necessary for fashion designers (Jones 22). They have promising salaries at their disposal, such as sixty thousand pounds annually. Fashion designers ought to be competent and creative whenever they embark in their work. They have as eye for colour, patterns and textures. They have the aptitude to visualize things in three perspectives or dimensions. Additionally, they possess technical skills in areas such as garment making, grading and cutting of appealing patterns that are aesthetic and pleasing to their clientele.

The Making of a Business Magnate Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The Making of a Business Magnate - Essay Example Every person perhaps has a childhood dream. However, such a dream does not always assure one’s success or failure in life. There are so many factors that affect what will really become of a person. Nevertheless, one cannot deny the fact that a childhood dream will always have some influence on a person’s future as discovered in this individual’s journey in life. At around the age of nine, this man wanted to become a businessman, a financial analyst, banker or perhaps an investor. In this author’s opinion, this dream is common to the Chinese so that it has been an easy choice to have at such a tender age. There are so many successful Chinese businessmen around the globe so it was also easy to have popular models for the child to look up to. Perhaps the most influential person in this person’s life is Henry Chow, the former chief executive officer of IBM Greater China Group. He is a popular and respected figure in modern technology and business, a com bination this man wants to employ in his own career. Currently, the dream of becoming a successful businessman has not changed much and that is the reason for the perseverance in this person’s life, to pursue his education in America. In addition, though, this person also wants to run his own business in the future. As a member of the Chinese race, it is a brand for this man to be hard-working and determined. Chinese are known to have high tolerance towards difficulties. Perhaps one of the reasons for the success of most businessmen is their ability to work from early morning until late in the night. In addition, they are also thrifty. They can be able to multiply their wealth by making wise investments instead of spending all their hard-earned money on things that may benefit them but will not really be productive enough to increase their fortune. Five years from now, it is this author’s desire to add to the list of being branded as a determined and hard-working Chine se the characteristics as being tested, reliable, successful and creative banker and businessman. As mentioned in the story of Who Owns the Icehouse? a tested reliability is important in business. This is greatly agreed upon because its truth and importance is not only applicable in the business industry but also in other professions. Anyhow, it is this man’s dream to be known as a reliable person because he believes that whatever endeavor he is going to indulge in; will carry such a characteristic. For instance, it is known that Apple gadgets are most preferred by customers even if they are more expensive than other brands because they are known for the quality of the brand. In addition, this person also would like to be listed among the most successful persons not only in China but also in the world. However, it is desired that the success will not only spring from being hard-working, determined and reliable but also from being creative. Indeed innovation is not a new thing in the business industry but it is a factor that greatly affects business and which separates or identifies an individual or a business from the others. Ten years from now, this man is going to be on the cover of one of America’s popular magazines, Forbes. The article will detail how an unknown Chinese broke into the limelight with his highly creative inventions. The innovation will be the highlight of the article because that is the most important thing that matters to this man.     

Evaluation of Mexican Diet Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Evaluation of Mexican Diet - Essay Example Moreover, the report attempts to provide a summary on the nutritional value of traditional Mexican food and the impact of modern technology on the nutritional value of modern Mexican cuisine. Overview: Mexican gastronomy reflects a unique blend of aboriginal cuisine fused with Spanish and French culture and there is more to it then simply the cheese covered tacos, enchiladas, burritos or refried bacon. The rich history, varied topography and exotic cuisine are the reasons why Mexico attracts millions of tourists each year from around the world. Mexican cuisine has been molded by a myriad of cultural influences which accounts for the diversity of its dishes. The diversity of Mexican cuisine is what makes it a truly fascinating subject. For instance, the barbacoa of Central Colonial region is strikingly different from the black mole of Oaxaca. The diversity of Mexican cuisine is due to the fact that each of the aboriginal dishes were developed and influenced by the environmental factor s indigenous to their respective regions such as availability of ingredients, trade practices, local economics, explorers, colonial settlers, immigrants and the culture of local individuals. Mexico is often divided into six gastronomic regions each of which are famous for their own unique indigenous cuisine. The six gastronomic regions are La Frontera (Baja California, Sonora, Chihuahua, Coahuila, Nuevo Leon, and Tamaulipas), La Costa Oro (the pacific coast from Sinaloa to Guerrero), El Istmo (the isthmus of Tehuatepec and also includes the states of Tabasco, Oaxaca, and Veracruz), La Encrucijada (includes the City of Mexico and its adjoining states), El Centro Colonial (the colonial cities of Guadalajara, San Miguel de Allende, Zacatecas, Queretaro, Morelia, Guanajuato and San Luis Potosi) and La Teirra Mava (Chiapas, certain areas of Tabasco and Yucatan peninsula). The innumerable individual styles and traditional techniques used in the preparation of authentic Mexican food accoun t for the uniqueness of the cuisine. (HOYER et al 2005). Environmental Factors: Mexico is regarded as one of the world’s most blessed lands due to its favorable climate, fertile soil and the varied productions of nature. Mexico is capable of producing large amounts of cocoa, sugar, cotton, wheat, hemp, flex, silk, oil, wine, fruits, and cochineal. Therefore, Mexico is a nation that is capable of producing products which the commerce gathers from around the world. The production of vegetables is influenced both by the difference in elevation and latitude. A study of Mexican history reveals that the varied climate and topography across the six gastronomic regions have heavily influenced the production of vegetables which in turn has influenced the ingredients used by aboriginal people in the preparation of food. For instance, the eastern and western coasts have tracks of low land which have a climate similar to that of West Indies. Therefore, the vegetables produced in eastern and western coasts are similar to that produced in West Indies. On the other hand, the ascending sides of Cordilleras have a temperate climate, thus, the grains and vegetable production is similar to that of the temperate regions of the world. The high Mexican mountains are popular for their pine and fir production. Therefore, embarking on a two day journey from Vera Cruz to the Central regions provides the opportunity to experience and observe all the graduations of climate and vegetable production which are experienced in travelling from the equator to the Arctic regions. (GREGORY 1947). Major Dietary Components of Mayan Indian and Aztec Populations: The major

Non-Profit Organisations Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Non-Profit Organisations - Research Paper Example The unemployment rate in the United Kingdom is about 6.35% as determined by the Office of National Statistics (2014). Hidden unemployment is another associated phenomenon that comprises of people who like to work additional hours to meet their needs or are discouraged, workers. Youth unemployment (unemployed aged 18 to 25) is a prevalent issue that has created several problems. According to 2014 statistics, 767,000 people are unemployed aged below 25 which is a really alarming issue and needs to be addressed accordingly. Boys and girls of aged 18 who are neither employed, in education or training are 18.5% and 15.3% respectively. Major causes of such unemployment are stagnant economic growth, financial crisis, public sector cuts, lack of qualifications and experience. The social impact of youth unemployment is very detrimental and numerous areas like economy, society, health, etc are badly affected. The total direct cost of unemployment is  £4.7 billion per annum that includes lost of productivity along with job seekers’ allowance (Statista, 2014). Youth unemployment impacts the mental health of the young ones that generate the risk of suicide attempt as many such people suffer from panic attacks, depression, insomnia and other mental diseases. Many thinkers and researchers believe that riots in various parts of the country are resultant of youth unemployment. That is also the reason why large numbers of young people seriously consider emigrating in order to search work.

Rhetorical Critique Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Rhetorical Critique - Essay Example If the needs of a particular group are met then it would be said that the writer was effective in his work. In this case they have to employ the language in an effective manner so as to meet a certain rhetoric situation (Wilhoit 41-45). Jonathan Riel the author of Obama and Reagan: A Rhetoric critique and declaration of not war in Libya targets the same population in addressing the challenges and issues affecting the American society. In his first article that touches on Obama and Reagan, he tends to draw two parallel rhetoric lines between the two leaders. His focus on Obamas campaign turns out to be rhetoric. According to him Obamas mode of communications changes immediately the campaign is over. In this case it implies that governing cannot be the same as running or organizing for a campaign. For instance, Obama employs the use of impersonal style of communication which on his side differs a lot from the persuasion used for the public especially if one is running a campaign. This case greatly differs from the type of communication of any governmental official once elected in office. His speech was compared to Reagan style of speech that was challenging. The author of this blog tends to be bias against Obamas administration; he tries to capture the attention of his audience by portraying Obamas organization as an organization that seeks the merciful help of his citizens which is only applicable when seeking for votes but his reach by the citizens on his office seems to be impossible. The main aim of bringing this point is to ridicule the administration and also to provoke the citizens (Lanham 58). The author tries to use persuasive and provoking to the audience by pointing out that Obama has a very poor view of Reagan administration. In this regard, he does not come out with proper reasoning to support this but instead he says that Obama portrayal of Reagan leadership was that of one who could not steer the American economy forward. His argument seeks to dema nd and seek his audience attention. Nevada interview has been known to have attracted a huge crowd of scholars of the Rhetoric communication. His style of communication during the interview employed the use of keen attention by the public as persuasive. The author also tries to portray how other leaders have viewed Obama (Riehl n.d). His idea of the American dream is critiqued because Reagan was the official party property of the Republican. The American 40th president presented his speech which was viewed by the blogger as rhetorical act the speech was made to the public which demonstrated no signs of campaigns. Obama is believed to have integrated all the elements to form his own rhetoric. Reagan speech revolved much on the future of the America on the other hand Obama opinion is to overcome the presidency of the opposing party which he relates to future. Obamas speech was concerned with uniting all races of the American people. He preaches the message of hope of the American peop le. This message is also preached by Reagan on his public addresses. These two share the same feature in the sense that they both emphasize the need for positive growth in the American society (Lanham 71-80). This is seen as aspirations of the people of the people. Reagan had an aspect of blaming the fore fathers this aspect was absent on Obama this is portrayed in his speeches where he demonstrates how the slaves were able to fight

Preforming a Narrative criticism on Jimmy Valvano's speech Essay

Preforming a Narrative criticism on Jimmy Valvano's speech - Essay Example As Jimmy addresses his audience, he gives various accounts of his life as a youth; he narrates what he learnt when he began coaching at 21 years old, how he managed to motivate his youthful team. Additionally, he provides a story of how Coach Lombardi used to motivate his team. This is an imperative aspect of not only a speech, but any other forms of literary works. The use of flashback is imperative in any aspect of literary work owing to the fact that it does not simply enhanced the quality of the work to make it entertaining, but also portray an essence of a deeper meaning (Powell, 7). The use of imagery is not directly applied by Jimmy Valvano in his speech, but rather exhibited in the manner he attempts to subject his audience into certain aspects of imagination. The first incident of imagery in the speech occurs when he narrates to the audience how Coach Lombardi used to keep his players waiting, only to show up in the last few minutes in their locker rooms, banging the door as he moves back and forth. Additionally, the use of imagery is evident, as Jimmy attempts to subject his audience into imagination by describing how he hurt his hand, while trying to imitate Coach Lombardi. The use of imagery as a figure of speech has been associated with certain positive attributes; to begin with, imagery in any form of literary works enhanced the manner by, which these literary works appeals to human senses, thus enhancing their understanding on the literary work presented (Powell, 8). Additionally, the application of imagery as a figure of speech is crucial for placing emphasis on what is being narrated; thus creating some sense of validity of the information as well as an enhanced understanding among the audience (Powell, 9). Hyperbole is a rhetoric use of language; it simply means the use of language to exhibit exaggerations. At the beginning of the speech, Jimmy applies an essence of hyperbole by saying, â€Å"I can’t

Feild Experience Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Feild Experience - Essay Example viduals, both students and teachers, to take responsibility for their own conflicts and for their resolution (Ohio Commission on Dispute Resolution & Conflict Management, n.d.). This paper relates three scenarios depicting student/student, teacher/student, and teacher/teacher conflicts and how they were resolved. The author’s opinions are expressed in either agreement or disagreement with the manner of conflict resolution, as well as presents recommendations for conflict resolution at the end of the paper. A 6th grade student named Anne, said she had a headache and wanted to skip the last two classes of the day. As I came into the room, Anne’s teacher was already arguing with Anne. Anne said she wanted to go home and the teacher said she may not. They are at the stage of their argument where the teacher has already mentioned that if Anne continues on, the teacher would be forced to send her to the principal’s office. From what I have heard and seen since I came into the room, I was almost certain that Anne did not have a headache and was just trying to skip school. While all these were going on, the rest of the class was silent, intent on watching who would eventually win out in the argument. The teacher was deliberately trying to keep her voice down but the pitch of Anne’s voice was increasingly rising. Finally, when the teacher could not make Anne do want she wanted her to do, she told Anne to step outside so she can talk to her there. In the meantime, the teach er faced the rest of the class and gave them a seatwork which immediately elicited groans. I then stepped outside, too, to check what Anne was doing. Anne was merely standing outside the classroom. She would not be able to leave the school premises, anyway, unless she had an authorization pass from her teacher or the principal’s office. When the teacher came out, she told Anne that this would be the last time she was going to sign an authorization pass for her and told her not to come back to

British Empire and American Revolution Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

British Empire and American Revolution - Essay Example Later the Sugar act was reformed and tax was slashed to 3 pence a pound with new customs service .There was huge resistance in paying tax and towards the end of 1766, the tax was reduced to a penny for a barrel. Stamp Act of 1765 was another policy reformation declaring tax on that legal documents, newspapers, pamphlets, playing cards, and hand bills. A stamp is affixed to confirm the tax payment. Colonies revolted against Stamp Act and threatened to boycott British goods. The British parliament revoked the stamp act in 1766 due to colonial pressure yet reinstating parliamentary supremacy by passing the declaratory act. There were duties imposed on paper, paint, lead, glass, and tea imported into the colonies leading to colonial boycotts hampering the trade by 50%. Boston Massacre in 1770 was a reactive outburst of tension developed between British soldiers and the local crowd. The crowd was throwing snowballs at British soldiers and panicky soldiers killed 5 people. Boston Massacre paved way for the emergence of committees for correspondence .These committees gained more momentum by destroying the British colonial assets like ships. Monopoly on tea was granted in 1773 by parliament as a resource plan to rescue the East India Company from financial crisis. This act enabled East India Company to handle both the shipping and the sale of its tea, thereby decreasing the price of tea. This created havoc in colonies and they boycotted tea to express their revolt. Angered by the colonial revolts, Britain government introduced Coercive Acts, in 1774 closing Boston port, transferring the colonial trials to other colonies or Britain and enabling the soldiers to reside in private homes and finally revoking the self government in Massachusetts. Britain ai med at isolation of colonies by introducing Coercive Acts but on the contrary the act united the colonies to a greater extent leading to formation of First Continental congress boycotting English goods. The year 1775 and 1776 witnessed clear outburst of colonies towards British Colonial policies leading to death of nearly 73 Britain Warriors. Thus the above cited incidences paved for the revolt process with greater degree of resistance and colonies evolved as a battalion to combat against the British colonial policy and they succeeded in their mission after the war of American Independence leading to liberalization of colonies. Bibliography Gipson, Lawrence Henry. The British Empire before the American Revolution. New York: Knopf, 1939-1970. Essay 2 Fundamental change with regard to the colonists, slaves, Native Americans and women after American Revolution. . The American Revolution brought a series of changes in colonial rule and had a drastic impact not only political but also on all

Cause and Effect Essay Essay Example for Free

Cause and Effect Essay Essay As a child my mom always taught me to be proud of who I am; to disregard all the negativity that was sure to come my way. As a constant reminder she bought books like Black Beautiful Me and Strong and Black to keep up my self-esteem. It was a good reminder, but because of all the negativity that surrounded me I started to feel bad about who I am. I never thought that I would have been a victim of discrimination moving to such an isolated place, but it comes to show that you will never be rid of the negativity in the world. Moving to a small town where African Americans are hard to find; a lot of racism was always targeted towards my sisters and I. Attending School was the hardest part; I always saw myself as being beautiful, but walking down the hall being called â€Å"that ugly black girl† started to take its toll on my self-esteem. Everywhere I went I ran into discrimination and stereotypes; I was constantly asked if I wanted fried chicken or watermelon, I would have guys tell me â€Å"I would date you if you had lighter skin,† or walking in the store and have the word â€Å"nigger† shouted and not know where it originated from. I didn’t understand why I wasn’t liked or given the chance to prove myself, but I felt unwanted, like I didn’t belong. When I had read â€Å"The Myth of a Latin Woman† I found it quite relatable to my situation when I had first moved to Cortez. Cofer talks about how she was stereotyped when she moved to America; how she wanted to fit in, but found it difficult because of her traditions and culture. She stresses the fact that nobody really understood her, that movies about Latin and Puerto Ricans were the closest understanding people got to her culture. Cofer then states that all the hard times that she had growing up made her stronger, and more successful. She tells the reader to take all the negative experiences and turned them positive so that nothing is stopping one from being successful. The negativity was a struggle for me, I wanted to quit public school and start homeschooling. But, I began to learn how to ignore people and not care how or what anybody thought of me. With that idea I became more at peace with myself. I started to look up when walking down the hallways, I learned  to just smile and at the negativity. Instead of the hurtful words putting me down I used it as fuel to my flame, motivation in other words, to do better and be successful.

Sociological Theories Of The Social Institution Sociology Essay

Sociological Theories Of The Social Institution Sociology Essay Basically, the sociological theories are considered as an important one for understanding the operation of the society. The sociological theories helps one to understand how the people in society are related to each other. These theories will help to understand many issues of social in the society and makes it easy for developing solutions for the problems. The sociological theories helps us to understand about the family. There are various theories that are used for explaining how the operation of the society is done and how the interaction takes place between the people. Some of the examples for theories are functionalism theories, sociological theories, and conflict theory. The other important theory is an internationalism theory. The above theories helps to examine different institutions of the society and how they are operated. The social institutions include health care, families, and education. The above theories will impact families in different ways since they are different. The sociological theories will affect the interaction of family members. and functioning of the family. Family as the Social Institution I had chosen Family as the Social Institution. The sociological theories like functionalism, Conflict and interactionism are applied to the Social institution like family is briefed below. The first theory is the functionalism theory. It is also known as the structural functionalism theory or functionalist perspective. It is considered as the main theoretical perspective of the sociology. The theory of Functionalism in the Social institution family starts by observation that the behaviour of society is structured and the relationships between members were organised by rules and are therefore it is recurrent and patterned. Functionalists will examine the relationships between the various parts of the structure and their relationships of the society. The Functionalist theory impacts that the society will be in the state of balancing and keeping the way through the parts of societys component function. This theory has been used in biological and ecological concepts too. Society will be studied by us in the same way as our studying of human body by analyzing which specific systems are not working or working, problems were diagonised, and to restoring balance after devising solutions. Socialization, health care, religion, friendship, justice, recovery of economic, injustice, growth of population or decline, romantic relationships, community, marriage, peace, and divorce, and abnormal and normal family experiences were the few evidences of the processes of functionalism in our society The next sociological theory is conflict theory which will be useful in the poverty and wealth, understanding of war, the have-nots and the haves, political strife, revolutions, divorce, exploitation, discrimination, ghettos, and prejudice, rape, domestic violence, slavery, child abuse, and so on. The conflict theory examines that the society is in the state of competition and perpetual conflict for the limited resources. The final sociological theory on family is interactionism. The interactionism is also known as symbolic interactionism. The theory of interactionism is based on the building the social behaviour of the individuals that the society will come out and the society will be ultimately created, changed, and maintained by the social interaction of the members of the family. The Symbolic Interactionism is considered as very powerful for helping people to understand well each other. Roommates, newlyweds, lifelong friends, teammates, young adult children and their parents can be able to use the principles, can walk a mile by wearing the shoes of others, seeing the world by wearing others glasses, or simply getting it. The major realizations that came with Symbolic Interactionism is that we were beginning to understand the people in our life and know that they are neither wrong nor right, at their different point of view. The conflict theories will focus mainly on social inequality and conflict. It also includes feminism. The Feminism focused on inequality of gender as which is the one form of inequality for social. The similarities of the above mentioned three theories are they explains about the how the interactions are done with the members of the family and how the society is functioning. The differences between the three theories are explained below. The functionalism theory is differs from the theory of conflict and theory of interactionism because the functionalism theory does not stress on conflict and power. The functionalism theory will only stresses on public consensus and shared values. There is a difference between the conflict theory and the functionalism. The functionalism theory examines that the family as a single unit but it does not take place in the conflict theory. Theories Affecting Approach To Sociological Changes To The Family The functionalism theory of the family are closely associated with Parsons and focuses on the social institution family and its relationship in the society. Parsons were arguing that the family will fulfil number of functions in the society but the two keys identified here are given below. The first one was the children socialisation of the appropriate values and norms for the society. When we focus on the North American culture, the Parsons theorised that the familys role were for ensuring the motivation and independence for achieving which was instilled in personalities of children. The second one is the function of the family which stabilises for the personality of adult through their marriage and serves as the antidote for the emotional strains and stresses of everyday life. The theory Parsons includes the gender differentiation roles in the family where each partner will be filling one of two some of opposing but the complementary functions. The characterisation of men were for fulfilling an instrumental role, but the womens have high nature of expressive so they provide the complement. Parsons was arguing that the expressive role is for women and in the end the primarily bond of expressive occurs between the mother and the children. The functionalism theories of the family are highly critical because they are providing little consideration of alternative family pathologies or family forms other than that it argues variations either inherently dysfunctional or fulfilling latent functions in broader of the society. Moreover, the functionalist theories will justifies the sexual division of labour, and ignores inherent of gender inequalities in structure of Parsons complementary roles. The sociological theory of interactionism had been associated with the theories of Mead, Goffman and Becker, and focused on phenomena of the small-scale that may constitute interactions of everyday in an attempt for understanding how individuals will understand and experience their world of social, and how the different people may come for sharing a common definition for reality. The conflict theory examines the social institution like family in different ways. The conflict theory has ensured the relationships of the family institution. Like the other social institutions of the society, the family institution does not have a stable as the members are having conflicts that are constant. When the members of a family takes regular conflicts that results about resources that are limited, power and interests may differ. Conflict theory will be applied to families for showing that families were not harmonious. The families will never be stable since they are struggling for dealing with the differences that take place among family members, conflict and change. Each sociological theories will affect the approach of social change on the selected institution like family. The social change regarding the family will be approached by the functionalism theory in which the education and technological advancement will be aided in understanding and promoting knowledge regarding the duties and roles should be applicable to each member of the social institution, family. The social change will results at the changes on roles and duties of various members of the family. Here, although a father remain as a family head, societal inequalities will lead to the changes of the familys social status. Sociological Theories Affect The Views Of Individuals Of The Family The Sociological theories affect the views of individuals who is the part of the social institution like Family. The social institution like family is viewed as the positive institution which is comprised of husband and a wife, the kids and the wife. It affects the family members having the tendency to form the deep social and psychological ties that acts as a support tool for them. It also affects the family when they are trying to get the benefit for the entire family. Each sociological theory affects the individual who is the part of the family. In conflict theory, the changes are inevitable and normal in every institution including the family institution. They are common in other relationships and family relationships of the society. So, family members must manage conflicts well for bringing change in the family institution. When managing the conflicts result in failure that will result the separation on the family. This situation occurs when the relationship become poor between the family members. Conflicts are considered as evidence in different areas of the social institution, family including marriage. The married couples are mostly not be able to control their conflicts and this causes hostility and anger and finally ending with divorce. The main goal of conflict theory helps for identifying the conflicts of the family and resolving those families making strengthen and stable in the family institution. In conflict theory, the family members were subordinated for the society. The conflict theory is very useful in understanding wealth, ghettos, war, poverty, rape, political strife, divorce, the have-nots and the haves, revolutions, exploitation, child abuse, prejudice and discrimination, domestic violence, slavery, and other social phenomena related to conflict.  Ã‚  The conflict Theory impacts that the society is in the state of competition and perpetual conflict for limited resources The theory of interactionism has the contact with the family institution because the interactionism theory is used for studying the interaction between the different members on the society. Based on the theory of interactionism, a family is nothing but a unit which is made up of personalities interaction. Communication, personalities, and roles play an important role in the social institution family. Communication acts as an important role with the interaction between different members of the family. The way the members of the family communicate it determines their interaction between them because members in the family will be tending to act based on the meaning attached to the words used for communication. The functionalism theory is based on the each part society that affects the society. In the side of family, the family may depends on the government for providing programs and school that helps to raise their children. The other example is how the families may rely on the schools for educating the children so that they can support and grow up their own families. In effect, the children had become as law abiding citizens and participated in the society. If the whole society provides the necessary tools for a child for surviving and educate those children, this will affect the whole society. Functionalism theory may rely on building the order of a society. If a society is not having any order, then it must something for regaining the order. For side of children, a child should seek for counseling when they are experiencing the deviant behaviour. Guidance and counseling are the way for the society which will try to regain the order. Thus, the every part of the society gets affected as a whole. Views Of Society Normally,  the American family is composed of two parents like mother and father, and they have a single or many children. With the family institution, the three theories of sociology like functionalism, conflict, and interactionism were experienced. Here it is explained how each theory will be applied to the institution family. These theories explains that a family is composed of husband, wife, and their five children. In functionalism theory, the children may require to offer the financial and emotional support for the family. For example, when in the case of parents were unemployed. In interactionism theory, the advancement of technological has been provided and an effective tool is determined for the awareness and knowledge concerning various social interactions. The conflict theory of the social institution like family affects the views of the members in the family for contexting the following conflicts disagreements as the two parties of conflicts may view each other in different way. These are about the theories affecting the views of society.    All the seven members of the family has individual responsibilities and roles to abide and for keeping family members lives in balance. The father of a family contributes financially for the bills and maintaining the disciplines of the children. The wife of a family contributes necessities of the financial for cleaning and cooking. The five children belong to the family institution were responsible for getting the assignments from school and should be done. They should also keep their own personal areas of the house in order and clean. Functionalism can be experienced in our home when all the family members plays their own part and taking good attitudes. If the functionalism is really experienced, there will be unity and peace in the home. Conclusion It was concluded that although the sociological theories were different, they had been helped in examining various effectiveness of behaviours of the society and that have been impacted the social institution family greatly. These theories had helped them to examine how the functioning of society is done and how they interacts with family members. More than this, the sociological theories had influenced social institutions of the society like families. The theory of conflict has been used for explaining the sources of the conflict about the society and how to deal and avoid them. The functionalism theory helped to understand how different parts in the family function and society are together brought to change and stability. The interactions theory explained about the social interactions of the society. The family mainly helps in socialization and reproduction on the society. Families are teaching their young children how they should behave based on their social norms and cultural beliefs. More than this, a family helps for controlling of sexual behaviours on the society and provision of status on social. The family has to function well and to avoiding affecting the other components of the society like economic, education, and health care.

Does Britain Have an Underclass?

Does Britain Have an Underclass? What is an underclass and does it exist in Britain today? The idea of the existence of an underclass isn’t by any means new. Charles Murray is perhaps the best known researcher who has studied the underclass both in the US and Britain. Murray arrived in Britain in 1989 from the US where he suggested that a huge underclass had already emerged and he wanted to compare Britain to the US. He described in his 1990 paper â€Å"the Emerging British Underclass† that it was spreading â€Å"like a plague through our social fabric†, concluding that Britain does indeed have an underclass and predicting that by the year 2000 it would have grown to dramatic proportions. This essay shall examine the theory of underclass by Charles Murray and some alternative opinions by his critics in order to exemplify what a complex subject the underclass is. Murray’s prediction of an existing and indeed expanding underclass will also be examined. It is impossible to examine the concept of underclass without looking at an example of class theory of which there are many. Just one has been selected, that of Runciman (1990). He suggests that there are seven classes in British society the upper class, three middle classes (upper, middle and lower) two working classes (skilled and unskilled) and an underclass. Runciman describes the underclass as those who are â€Å"excluded from the labour market entirely† (cited in Marshall, 1997). This could be because of disability, being in debt, or through lack of skill and are highly likely to be women or/and in the ethnic minorities. These are not causal factors. The main feature of the underclass is long term unemployment. Murray (1990) agrees that long term unemployment and it’s increase is the cause of the underclass along with the rise of single parenthood. Welfare benefits are too easily available for these groups he argues, thereby creating a â€Å"culture of dependency†. Murray’s definition of â€Å"underclass† is not concerned with the degree of poverty but a type of poverty and supports the view that the underclass are defined by their behaviour. They devalue the work ethic and are often associated with anti social behaviour and crime. He argues that the provision of welfare benefits for single parents have contributed towards the decline of the traditional nuclear family. Murray focuses on illegitimacy seeing it as a different â€Å"problem† from divorce, separation or widowhood. He sees that children who have only ever known one parent from birth are more likely to be in the underclass than those who have, at some point, experienced having two parents. He co ncluded that illegitimacy was more common in households that were poor than rich and also in white families more than black or Asian (although he doesn’t see â€Å"race† or ethnicity, or gender as a contributory factor). He makes a distinction between the short term unemployed and those who are long term â€Å"economically inactive†. The reliance on benefits and devaluation of work perpetuates from generation to generation, thereby forming early socialisation into the counter-culture referred to as the â€Å"underclass†. The class theory of Runciman and the meaning of underclass according to Murray are not the only theories in existence. The complexity of it means one fixed definition cannot be attributed to it. Critics of Murray suggest that there is a tendency in his work to blame the underclass themselves, whereas societal factors need to be considered. Glasgow (1980) argues that the economy has failed to provide equal opportunities. Inequalities mean that some groups are excluded. Field (1989) blames the Thatcher government for rewarding the rich and punishing the poor and suggests that social problems are interconnected. One particular part of Murray’s theory that has attracted criticism is the focus on illegitimate1 children. Brown (cited in Lone Parent Families, Ed: Donnellan, 2004) argues that it is unfair to label illegitimate children as being in the â€Å"underclass†. In many cases of divorce or separation, the absent parent doesn’t contribute financially at all or con tributes very little, thereby placing their child and former partner amongst the groups that are not so well off . Statistics have shown that single parenthood has risen in Britain supporting Murray’s prediction. Britain has the highest rate of teenage pregnancies in Western Europe, the second highest in the world. The figures for the number of illegitimate children in 1988 in Britain was 25.6%. The 2001 census showed that as many as one in four children are being raised in a single parent family. 90% of single parents are women. Single teenage parents are most likely to be amongst the poorest. Child care facilities are expensive and working hours may not be flexible. Studies have shown that if they do find work they may start at the very bottom of the ladder in part time or temporary positions with few benefits, perhaps only earning slightly more than they would on benefits. If they do try and get themselves out of hardship, it would prove incredibly difficult. Finding work does not necessarily mean that someone will be out of poverty. Murray fails to mention the elderly, often seen in Britain as outside of mainstream society, despite what their position was during their working life. Field (1989) cites the underclass as consisting of single parents, the long term unemployed and the frail, elderly pensioner. Many critics of Murray argue that income and wealth need to be equal to give the elderly better lives. Efforts have been made such as free eye tests, free television license and winter fuel payments. However, this help is not available to all pensioners and those in social policy would like to see a return to a link between pensions and earnings (which was abolished in 1980) which would help lift the elderly out of poverty (source: the Joseph Rowntree Foundation website). Government policies have been implemented to try and alleviate problems. Charles Murray eventually stopped providing Government with possible policies because of pessimism about their capabilities to change things. Figures for February 2006 showed that the employment rate was 74.5% but this figure was down by 0.4% over the year. 51% of those unemployed were women. However, the number of job vacancies had decreased. Those taking part in Government schemes such as the New Deal are not included in unemployment figures. Critics suggest that the Government create these schemes so that unemployment figures drop but putting people into poorly paid work will not lift them out of the underclass. Preston (2005) emphasises that the benefit system for those not working is inadequate and often inaccessible (for example to asylum seeker families) so therefore doesn’t provide the security Murray suggests it does. It is impossible to give an adequate definition of what the underclass is as it is very much a disputed concept. Ideas of what the underclass actually is have been mentioned here, notably Murray who suggests that the British underclass is a subculture in itself and tends to blame the people within it rather than societal circumstances. Critics blame inequalities in education, job opportunities, housing and so on. It can be concluded that there are sections of society that could be termed the â€Å"underclass†, desperately needing Government to create policies to help them out of poverty and that those outside the mainstream society are growing asylum seeker families are certainly excluded from mainstream education and a chance to work adding to those living in poverty in this country. In this respect, Murray was right in that those living in poverty has grown. Social scientists and policy makers however do not always agree on who actually makes up the â€Å"underclass† . Word count: 1252 References Brown J (2004) Quoted in Lone Parent Families Ed: Donnellan, Scotland, Independence Educational publishers Field, F , (1989) Losing out: The Emergence of Britain’s Underclass, Oxford, Blackwell Marshall G (1997) Social class and underclass in Britain and the USA (an essay from Social Differences and Divisions Ed: Braham P Janes L (2002) Oxford, Blackwell in association with the Open University) Murray C (1990) The Emerging British Underclass cited in Morris L (1993) Dangerous classes, London, Routledge Preston G, (2005) Quoted in Child Poverty Action Group Manifesto: Ten Steps to a Society Free of Child Poverty, CPAG (white paper) Internet source Joseph Rowntree Foundation (online) Social Exclusion Unit: Breaking the Cycle: Taking Stock of Priorities for the Future, Office of the Deputy Prime Minister, 2004 Internet source

Coal Mining Essay -- Economy Economics Energy Resources Essays

Coal Mining Coal, a mineral I have discussed previously, is necessary to our everyday lives. Coal is an incredible source of energy; it heats our houses and buildings, and also fuels stoves. You may often wonder where this extremely useful mineral comes from. Coal does not just appear; it needs to be mined through a process which results in our being able to utilize it. Coal mining is fairly inexpensive, is carried out on a large scale and can be mined in either underground or surface mines. Surface mining is the coal mining process that accounts for around 60% of the United States’ coal. It tends to be very efficient, with a single worker recovering up to 30 to 40 tons of coal in a day. To begin surface mining coal, a drill must first probe the area to be mined in order to determine the depth of the coal as well as the overburden which lies on top of the coal. Bulldozers are then used to strip away the topsoil, which is then put into piles and later replace the stripped areas of earth. Next, large, even enormous equipment called draglines are used to remove more and more of the overburden, as the stripping becomes deeper and deeper. After this process, machines called track-dozers fracture the coal, making it possible for cranes or bulldozers to scoop out the coal and transport it to crushers. Now, the topsoil that was set aside at the beginning is replaced. This process is called reclamation. The mined areas can then be used for a variety of things: from parks t o f...

Safety and Effectiveness of the Atkins Diet :: Health Nutrition Diet Exercise Essays

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Whenever someone is deciding on what diet to go on, they consider whether it will keep the weight off in the end and what the pros and cons are compared to other diets. Atkins has been a growing trend in weight lost ever since Dr. Atkins came out with his best selling book Dr. Atkins’ New Diet Revolution. Through the examination of three different studies, researchers were able to determine whether the Atkins diet will keep weight off compared to calorie and fat reduced diets, as well as how this diet works. Although, further longitudinal research must be done in order to see the true repercussions of going on a low-carbohydrate diet, researchers can conclude that in the end, eating a low fat diet and exercising are the only true answers to losing weight.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Atkins diet is for people who are over the low fat diet and exercising. The Atkins diet means restricting a person’s caloric intake to 5-10% from carbohydrates in their daily diet. Which is a vast reduction of carbohydrates compared to other diets that usually allow up to 40-45% of calories from foods like fruits and vegetables? The Atkins diet is no longer just a fad, it has really caught on worldwide, almost 20 million people now follow Dr. Atkins’ diet. The Atkins diet also claims to be a three in one diet, it not only allows people to lose weight, it also claims to keep the weight off without the feeling of hunger, and lastly it claims to help prevent disease. Through further review of previous studies, researchers are trying to explore whether or not this is possible, as well as how the Atkins diet really works.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Atkins diet claims that the way it works is by increasing the amount of energy being used causing people to lose weight. This diet also claims to increase the amount of energy being used by 2-3% more everyday. Further review of the studies on Atkins; found that this increased amount of energy being used only makes a small difference in the total amount of weight lost. Researchers claim that after reviewing all the studies that it might actually be the fact that the Atkins diet restricts so much of what you can eat that makes a person lose all that weight. The strict restrictions to what a person can and cannot eat are what researchers claim causes the

ROM and Strengthening Exercises as a Treatment Option

There are multiple kinds of exercise that could be beneficial in treating acute whiplash. Literature shows exercises such as a McKenzie treatment, postural training exercise, endurance strengthening and motor control, eye fixation, isometric exercises, and resistive exercises. In reviewing the literature, these exercises were combined with other treatment strategies such as modalities or mobilization to get the most effective outcome. Also, at this point although there is a large amount of research done on treatment of whiplash injury, the conclusions that are made from this literature conflict each other. However, there is a consensus that excessive treatment of whiplash associated disorder may be counterproductive in the acute stages of injury. (Cochrane review) The evidence does not support episodes of care that last longer than 6-8 weeks with any one or combination of noninvasive interventions. If the intervention that is being attempted at that time is unsuccessful, it is then recommended that a different intervention be attempted. (Cochrane review) Based on this information, if active ROM and strengthening exercises are to be used, the intensity and frequency should be monitored closely to avoid increased injury. In comparing the effectiveness of these exercises, many studies compared them to periods of â€Å"standard care†. Standard Care included rest, analgesia, and general advice on gradual mobilization after a short period of rest. McKenzie treatment is based on the principle of centralization of pain and the use of exercises to reduce the stress on the surrounding neck musculature. For acute WAD patient’s, the goal is to stretch and decrease the tightness of the cervical extensor muscles, which may be overly contracted in this patient population. A common exercise to accomplish this is the chin tuck, where the patient retracts their chin and repeats this activity for a given number of repetitions. In a study by McKinney et al, three groups of patients with WAD were placed in 3 treatment categories and compared by outcome measures. The treatment categories included a home mobilization group who were instructed in postural correction, analgesia, collar, muscle relaxation and mobilization exercises. The second group was a group who received outpatient physiotherapy, including; McKenzie treatment, heat, cold, diathermy, traction, Maitland mobilization, postural correction and home exercise. The final group compared in this study received standard care as defined above. (Seferiadis, European spine journal) All treatments were given over a period of 6 weeks for 24 visits, with the follow up visits at 2 weeks. Cochrane review- exercises for mechanical neck disorders) Patients who received outpatient physiotherapy, including McKenzie treatment demonstrated improved cervical ROM and pain intensity in comparison to the treatment group receiving standard care. However, there was no difference in effectiveness between the outpatient physiotherapy group and home mobilization group. In a second study by Rosenfeld et al, the standard treatment for WAD was compared to active intervention that included McKenzie treatment and active cervical ROM. The group receiving active intervention demonstrated the most benefit when treatment was provided within 96 hours of initial injury. This group also demonstrated lower pain intensity and amount of sick leave, as well as improved cervical ROM in comparison to the standard care group. These outcomes were maintained at a 6 month and 3 year follow up (Seferiadis, European spine journal). Based on this literature and the results of the studies, McKenzie exercises have shown to be beneficial in reducing pain in patients with WAD. Postural training exercises as defined by a systematic review by Drescher et al, includes any correction, exercise or advice with the aim of improving posture. (Drescher) Postural training would be important for patients with WAD to avoid further exacerbation of muscle injury or reinjury at a later date. This could further carry over to job related tasks, as many people spend their day working at a desk sitting for long periods of time. Postural exercises may help patients to be more aware of their posture and make self-corrections to avoid future injury throughout the workday. In the systematic review by Drescher (Reference 22), the study compared a group receiving postural exercises to a control group who were not receiving postural exercises. It was found that the group that completed postural exercises demonstrated decreased pain and increased cervical ROM. Another high quality study (references 17-19) within this review compared an intervention group receiving postural exercises to the control group. The postural exercise group showed significant reduction in pain at both the 6 onth and 3 year follow up, as well as a lower amount of sick days taken from work at the 3 year study. There was no significant different in cervical ROM improvement in these two groups. Initially the cost of this postural training was higher, however ended up being lower when taking into account the cost of sick-leave days, loss of productivity and other interventions. (Drescher) In a study by Schnabel et al, it was determined that active therapy including postural advice and exercise was superior to passive modalities such as massage and ultrasound. There is limited evidence on specific postural exercises which would best benefit this population, however there has been some proof that this is a beneficial treatment. Therefore, further research into specific exercises and training strategies may be warranted to determine the best options for patients with WAD. A common side effect of whiplash is dizziness, which can limit patient’s ability to perform quick head movements and functional activities such as looking over their shoulder while walking. This dizziness is something which has been addressed by eye fixation exercises in the literature. Eye fixation exercises may also be known as proprioceptive exercise and can include; target exercises with varying degrees of difficulty by changing input from other body systems, and vestibular ocular reflexes with either a target moving or the target moving in the opposite direction of the patient’s head with the patient’s eyes maintaining focus on the target at all times. Eye-fixation exercises are used to restore coordinated movement and proprioceptive movement, which will decrease the degree of dizziness in the patient with WAD. Individually these programs have not shown to be beneficial, however when combined with other therapy treatments there has been minimal to moderate benefit. Based on a Cochrane review of exercises for mechanical neck disorder, it was found that including eye-fixation exercises into a complete physical therapy program showed moderate evidence of benefit for pain and function for acute whiplash disorder. This is also supported in a study by Provinciali, where one group was treated with eye fixation exercises to treat dizziness, along with mobilization and additional neck exercises. This group had significant results in decreased pain on the VAS scale over the group that received TENS and pulsed EMG (Cochrane – exercises). Based on these studies, if a patient with WAD is experiencing dizziness as a symptom, eye fixation exercises may be a beneficial addition to the treatment plan. Another treatment option that has shown positive results in the literature is the use of isometric resistive exercises to strengthen the cervical muscles. Isometric exercises are strengthening exercises designed to strengthen the musculature while maintaining the body in one position. This may be beneficial for patients with acute WAD who are unable to move through a large range of motion, as they will still receive the benefit of strengthening exercises. A study done by Soderlund et al. compared two groups of patients receiving treatment for acute whiplash. The first group was receiving regular treatment that included instructions on what activities to avoid and what activities to continue with. Table 1 describes the treatment plan given to both the normal treatment group and the additional treatment group. Patients in the additional exercise group were instructed to follow all instructions given to the normal treatment group, as well as perform additional isometric exercises. This exercise is described as the patient lying down on the ground, and imagines a â€Å"quadrangle† behind their head. They are then instructed to imagine pushing their head into each corner of the quadrangle, and repeat the cycle 3 times. The result of this study found that patients in the additional treatment group were able to continue to decrease their pain rating at follow up periods of three and six months, whereas the normal treatment group had the same amount of pain at these follow up visits. This study would indicate that the additional treatments are beneficial to help decrease the patient’s pain longer after injury.

Foundation’s Edge AFTERWORD

(for now)AFTERWORD BY THE AUTHORThis book age self-contained, is a continuation of The ass Trilogy, which is made up of three books Foundation, Foundation and imperium, and Second Foundation.In addition, there atomic number 18 other books I have written which, while non dealing with the Foundations directly, argon set in what we might call the Foundation conception.Thus, the events in The Stars, the like Dust and The Currents of Space defend place in the years when Trantor was expanding toward Empire, while the events in Pebble in the Sky pullulate place when the First Galactic Empire was at the height of its power. In Pebble, commonwealth is central and some of the material in it is alluded to tangentially in this new book.In none of the earlier books of the Foundation universe were robots mentioned. In this new book, however, there atomic number 18 references to robots. In this connection, you may wish to instruct my robot stories. The short stories are to be found in The Complete Robot, while the two novels, The Caves of Steel and The Naked Sun, absorb the robotic period of the colonization of the Galaxy.If you wish an broadside of the Eternals and the way in which they adjusted clement history, you will find it (not entirely arranged with the references in this new book) in The eradicate of Eternity.All the books mentioned existed as Doubleday hardcovers, to begin with. The Foundation Trilogy and The Complete Robot are shut away in print in hardcover. Of the others, Pebble in the Sky and The End of Eternity are included in the heap quite a little The Far Ends of Time and Earth, while The Stars, Like Dust and The Currents of Space are in the omnibus volume Prisoners of the Stars. Both omnibus volumes are in print in hardcover. As for The Caves of Steel and The Naked Sun, they are included in the omnibus volume The Robot Novels, still available from the cognizance Fiction Book Club. And all are in print in softcover editions, of course .

Judicial Response to Environmental Issues in India

purlieual professionaltection during the last few old age has become non only a payoff of national pay back-to doe with save of global immenseness. It is presently an established the true beyond whole doubts that with place a well-defined purlieu the in truth survival of unexclusive is at s express. Dec straining in purlieual quality has been evidenced by change magnitude contaminant, loss of vegetal over and bio-diversity, uppity concentration of harmful chemicals in the ambient atmosphere and food chains, growing risks of environsal accidents and threat to feel support system of ruless.This has move the attention of inviolate world lodge and thitherfore they resolved to protect and resurrect the environment quality. How could the judicial system remain a silent spectator when the grinderject has acquired in high spirits importance and become a theme of caution and judicial notice.In a developing country like India, with untutored masses, condition s of abject poverty, where the aw argonness of socio-economic and ecological problems in lacking, the judiciary has to play an active situation to protect the good deals advanced against the anti-the great unwashed ordain by infusing confidence in people as a full-page for whom it exists, for as justlyly put by Justice Lodha, Judiciary exists for the people and not vice-versa. Judiciary therefore cannot sit in silence and financial aidlessly moreover mustiness(prenominal) come beforehand actively to influence good the deficiencies of law and provide temperance wherever and whenever required.The Judiciary remained as a spectator to environmental exploitation until recently. tho today judiciary assumed an impressive role of homophiles educator, insurance pissr, super-administrator, and more than than generally, amicus environment. In India environmental law is judicial response to the queries of its citizens against environmental exploitation and administrative sloth and as well role contend by the public lodge in litigation. Since 1985 some of the environment graphic symbols in India lease been brought onwards the accostyard of justice as writ petitions, unremarkably by individuals performing on pro bono basis.While numerous legislative travel have been taken to give imprint to the earthshaking unspoiled of creation to stomach in a sound environment and the corresponding duty of the reconcile and individuals to break environmental preservation and conservation, our present intent is to analyze the move taken by judiciary to forward this goal. To achieve this end, the judiciary had evolved certain doctrines to provide movementive recreate in case of violation of original and legislative mandate.In the subsequent sub divisions, several archetypes which the judiciary has evolved in recount to give force to the make up of man to a fit environment would be briefly dealt with. Right to a nutritive environs Judic ial recognition of environmental jurisprudence, in the backdrop of industrialization, reached its peak with the authorisation of the arbitrary appeal that mighty to nutritious environment is a part of condition 21 of the temperament. In Subhash Kumar v. State of Bihar, the flirt observed that bind 32 of the piece of music has been designed to enforce the radical counterbalances of the citizen.The give tongue to articles provides for extraordinary procedure to enforce the right of a person. The right to manner history downstairs denomination 21 includes the right to function of pollution free body of irrigate and bare for full enjoyment of life. Judicial fix regarding right to wholesome environment has been reflected in subsequent pronouncements. It has bared appropriate complaints where the government rail counsel carry has failed to dress its statutory duty, and thereby undermined the right to life guaranteed under phrase 21 of the Constitution. In India n Council for Enviro-Legal doion and Other v. partnership of India and Others, the chemical industries surrounding Bichhri Village in Udaipur (Rajasthan) contaminated the water, soil and air through the discharge of highly toxic effluents, specially iron-based and gypsum based sludge. The solelyterfly interfered to give straightlaced remedy to the destitute villagers. It opined that the well-disposed interest litigation under name 32 of the Constitution was a weapon in the hands of the people to enforce their right to wholesome environment, when it was blatantly disregarded by industries. In separate words, the coquette reaffirmed that right to clean environment is an definitive scene of the right to life.In RLE Kendra Dehradun v. State of Uttar Pradesh, the pinnacle butterfly declared that right to life includes the right of the people to live in the healthy environment with minimal hurly burly of bionomics and without avoidable hazard to them and to their cattle, to pographic point and agriculture primer and undue fondness of air, water and environment. Also, the overbearing hook, in Andhra Pradesh Pollution Control Board v. MV Naydu, has put forward the view that military issues relating to environment are of cope with significance with those of humankind rights.In its own words Environmental concerns arising in this motor hotel under Article 32 or under Article 136 or under Article 226 in the senior high school Courts are in our view, of equal importance as Human Rights Concerns. In fact, both are to be traced to Article 21 which deals with fundamental right to life and liberty. While environmental horizon concern life, human right aspect concern liberty. Principles of Common Law In 1980, the dictatorial Court held that clean polite life is the right of the inhabitants who reside inwardly the municipal vault of heaven.In Municipality Ratlam v. Vardichand, the petitioner, a municipal council, filed an appeal against the direction of the magistrate under parting 133 of the Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973. The judicial magistrate, on application by the people of the area come oned certain directions against the civic corporate be to bring cleanliness deep down the municipal area, as it had been polluted by exonerated drains, human excreta, in absence of proper sanitation, and discharges from alcohol factories. The High Court affirmed the directions issued.Thereafter, the courtly corporation filed a Special render Petition before the Supreme Court on the purpose that the magistrate had no personnels to pass order against the municipality. The Supreme Court took a very serious note of the mournful condition of the municipal area which represent health hazards for the people. Additionally the discharges from the alcohol coiffe overflowed the open drains making the condition more miserable. The Supreme Court issued certain directions, in addition to the magisterial directions, and fixed the succes sion limit within which those were to be utilizeed.The significant contribution of this idea, from the point of view of environmental criminal law was that, if any ships officer of the corporation failed to discharge his duties, then he could be punished under variance 188 of the Indian Penal Code, 1860. Subsequently, in ram mountain Baj Shing v. Babulal, the Allahabad High Court tried to rent atmospheric pollution within the great spectrum of private nuisance, and issued permanent injunction against the polluting brick-grinding factory.The court enumerated that the dust emitting from a grinding machine factory created public hazards and injured the health of individual members of the society. Any act would heart and soul to private nuisance which caused injury, discomfort or annoyance to a person. PIL with Reference to Environment Protection Since the last decade, PIL has played a unique role by which people belonging to different walks of life and especially the down tro dden are getting social justice from the Supreme Court as well as the High Courts. The PIL is now recognized as an effective agent of social change.It is because of this refreshed strategic of pro bono litigation that the miserable and the down trodden have been able to seek justice from courts. As a result of this development, a sofdeuceod of environmental cases has been brought before the courts through public interest litigation. They have been filed all by individuals, voluntary organization or by letter/petitions sent to judges. In the sideline passages an attempt is beingness do to visit some of the leading judicial pronouncements on the point. i. Delhi Gas unwrap case M. C. Mehta v. sum of money of India, popularily known as Delhi Gas Leak or Oleum Gas Leak Case, is the historical one in the field of environmental justice. The Supreme Court besides pose down substantial principles of law, embarked upon some authoritative chiefs of law and policy which need to be answered. The Supreme Court laid down two important principles of law First, the power of the Supreme Court to grant sanative relief for a proved infringement of a fundamental right (in this case Article 21) includes the power to award compensation, albeit in exceptional cases.Thus, the court not only widened the compass of the Article 21 by including in it breastplate of environment but also included a indebtedness in tort for those harmed former(a)s by pollution. Second, the judgment opened a new bound in the Indian jurisprudence by introducing a new no transformation liability standard (absolute liability) for industries engaged in hazardous activities which has brought closely radical changes in the liability and compensation laws in India. The new standard makes hazardous industries absolutely liable for the harm resulting from its activities.It is a standard which on its terms, admits of no defences. The case is significant from other points. The court further expanded the scope of epistolary legal power when it reiterated that a public spirited individual or a social action group acting pro bono public would suffice to break out the jurisdiction of this court and that hyper technical advancement that defeated the ends of justice was inappropriate in PIL cases. ii. The Ganga Pollution Case The Ganga pollution cases are the or so important water pollution cases in India to date. The brief facts being, in 1985, M. C. Mehta, an militant advocate and social worker, by way of a public interest litigation, filed a writ petition under Article 32 of the Constitution inter alia, for the issue of a writ/order/direction in the nature of mandamus, directing Kanpur Municipality to tighten up itself from discharging waste water into the river Ganga, and governmental administration and the tanneries at Jajmau near Kanpur to let on polluting the river with cloaca and trade effluents till such time that they put up necessary interposition plants for treati ng these effluents.The court in Mehta case I made order against the tanneries, while in Mehta case II ruled against municipalities and other governmental administration. In Mehta case I, the court realizing the importance of water of the river Ganga in particular, and pertain over the continuing pollution of it by the industries and municipal wastes, reminded the conviction of environmental tax shelter as enshrined in the directive principle in Article 48-A of the Constitution which provides that postulate shall endeavour to protect and better environment and to safeguard the forests and the wildlife of the country.Article 51-A which imposes a fundamental duty on the citizens to protect and improve the natural environment. The court also invoked the piss Act as an version of the importance of the prohibition and control of water pollution. The court emphasized that notwithstanding the comprehensive commissariat contained in the Water Act the state boards had not taken effect ive steps to prevent the discharge of effluents in the river Ganga.The court ruled that the fact, as was asserted on behalf of the some of the tanneries, that the effluents were not directly carry through into the river but first discharged in to the municipal sewers, did not absolve them from being proceeded against under the provisions of the law in force, since ultimately the effluents reach the river Ganga from Municipal Sewers. The ourt also invoked Environment (Protection) Act, 1986 as further indication of the importance of prevention and control of water pollution and noted that not much has been done even under the Act by the Central governing to stop the grave public nuisance caused by the tanneries at Jajmau, Kanpur. Mehta Case II cerebrate to the action taken against Kanpur Municipality and other giving medication entities for their failure to prevent waste water flowing to the river Ganga as was asserted in the original petition by the petitioner. whence the Suprem e Court tell Kanpur Nagar Mahapalika to a. blast the whole kit to improve sewerage system within the target dates mentioned in the echo affidavits and not to delay the completion of those works beyond those dates. b. Take action against the dairies for either removing the waste accumulated near the dairies or to get them shifted to a place remote the city. c. Take immediate steps to development the size of the sewers and wherever sewerage line is not yet becomeed, to get it constructed. d. To construct sufficient number of latrines and urinals for the use of poor people in order to prevent defecation by them on open land. . The practice of throwing corpse and semi destroy corpses be brought to an end immediately.The Municipality and Police should take step to ensure that dead bodies or half burnt bodies are not thrown into the river Ganga. The remarkable thing about this judgment is that thought, it was a case against Kanpur Nagar Mahapalika but the court directed that this w ill maintain mutatis mutandis to all other Mahapalikas and Municipalities which have jurisdiction over the areas through which the river Ganga flows and accordingly directed to send the copy of judgment to all municipalities. ii. Dehradun Quarrying Case Rural judicial proceeding and Entitlement Kendra, Dehradun v. State of Uttar Pradesh, or Dehradun Valley litigation as it is commonly known, is one of the most complex environmental case handled by the Supreme Court. It is the first momentous close of the apex court wherein it was required to difference environmental and ecological integrity against industrial demands on forest resources. The main question before the Supreme Court for amity was whether the mine lessees could be allowed to mine exploit operations.In its order of 12 March, 1985, the Supreme Court, after considering the recommendations of the Bhargava Committee, ordered immediate block of most dangerous mines and those falling within Mussoorie citys board limits. The court finds that due to working of lime pit quarries there is imbalance to ecology or hazard to healthy environment, then in that case the court will order their closure. The court thus impliedly recognized right to a wholesome environment as implicit in Article 21 of the Constitution. iv. Calcutta Taj Hotel Case Sachidanand Pandey v. State of West Bengal, is an important town planning case which in categorical terms reiterates the courts duty to protect environment. In this case, the Government of West Bengal gave on lease to the Taj Group, quaternion acres of land belonging to the Calcutta zoological garden for the construction of a tail fin star hotel. This garden was located in Alipore, the heart of Calcutta. It was this giving away of the land that was challenged by a PIL petition, filed originally in the Calcutta High Court by two citizens of Calcutta-one the secretary of the Union of Workmen of the Zoological Garden and the other, a life member of the zoo.The Calcutta H igh Court upheld the lease in prefer of the hoteliers. In appeal the Supreme Court held that ecological balance shall be maintain by the court in suffer of the fact that such duty enforce on the government is merely a directive principle of state policy under Part IV of the constitution. The court further held Whenever a problem of ecology is brought before the court, the court is bound to substantiate in mind Article 48-A of the Constitution and Article 51A(g).When the court is called upon to give effect to the Directives Principles and fundamental duty, the court is not to gesture its shoulders and say that priorities are a matter of policy and so it is a matter for the policy-making authority. The least that the court whitethorn do is to examine whether appropriate considerations are borne in mind and irrelevancies are excluded. In appropriate cases the court may go further, but how much further must depend on the circumstances of the case. In view of the above approach the court adopting a liberal approach in favour of the development held that the Government has acted suddenly bonafidely in granting the lease and its action was not against the interests of the zoo or migrant birds visit the zoo. On the contrary as the proposed hotel is a garden hotel there is every view of the ecology and environment being ameliorate as a result of pose of numerous trees around the premises and removal of the burial ground and dumping ground for rubbish. ConclusionThus, the Supreme Court of India had taken into account the right to a healthy environment along with the right to sustainable development and balanced them. This concept of right to a healthy environment and sustainable development are the fundamental human rights implicit in the right to life, which has been constructed as such in many countries. The entire judicial construction by the Supreme Court and the High Courts also snap off the humanitarian approach to these environmental laws with the eco nomic aid of public interest litigations.The Indian Supreme Court was the first to develop the concept of right to healthy environment as a part of life under Article 21 of our constitution. This principle is now been adopted and followed in various other countries now. Suggestions In this paper the researcher wants to recommends the hobby suggestions. 1)The problem can be very well addressed to masses with the help of clinical environmental education, as there will be specialized interference to sensitize people about environmental problems.Moreover, innovative minds can come out with very real solutions. 2)There should be musical interval of funds for issues related to environmental protection and international financial institutions should leap forward to take care of nation. 3)Governments of the nation should make provisions for environmental protection officers, those who should have the power to accept grievances against the public authorities who are not responding to legi slative policies of environment protection. )The judiciary should go for dialogic activism i. e. through judgments it should figure a dialogue with several agencies of states to implement the agenda of environmental protection. 5)There should be an environmental census i. e. a questionnaire should be made about the general awareness on environmental protection and to distribute it to the people which would be helpful in the order of battle of data on prevailing conditions.